On July 24, 2025, the International Court of Justice said that countries could break international law if they do not fight climate change. All 15 judges agreed. They said that protecting the environment is a legal responsibility. If a country does nothing, it might need to pay for the damage. The court made this decision after the U.N. General Assembly asked for help in 2023. Many island countries asked for support because of rising sea levels. The court said that everyone has the right to live in a clean and safe environment. It also said that not acting on climate change could be seen as a serious mistake.

The court gave two messages: countries must try to stop environmental damage, and they could face legal action if they do not. Court President Yuji Iwasawa said climate change is a very big problem that puts the whole planet in danger. Climate experts said the decision could lead to more legal cases against governments. Youth groups in the Pacific were happy about the news. U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said it was an important step. This may affect future climate meetings like COP30.