©Reuters
Pre-reading questions:
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
講師がそれぞれの質問を読むので答えましょう。
- Have you ever heard about cave bones before?
- Do you think studying cave bones can help scientists learn about the history of animals or humans?
Vocabulary:
I will read the words, meanings, and sample sentences. Then, repeat after me.
単語、意味、例文を読みます。講師に続いて音読しましょう。
- central /SEN-truhl/
- cave /keyv/
- bone /bohn/
- remain /ri-MEYN/
- arrival /uh-RAHY-vuhl /
[adjective] – relating to or situated at the center
The hotel is located in the central part of the city.
[noun] – a natural underground chamber, typically a large and deep one
We explored a mysterious cave filled with ancient paintings.
[noun] – the hard tissue forming the skeleton of most vertebrates, composed of calcium and phosphorus
The archaeologists found ancient animal bones during the excavation.
[noun] – parts left over after other parts have been removed, used, or destroyed
The forensic anthropologist meticulously analyzed the remains, unraveling the mysteries of a centuries-old burial site.
[noun] – the fact of arriving somewhere
The arrival of spring brings warmer weather and blooming flowers.
Article reading:
Please read the whole article. Then, I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
記事を音読しましょう。講師はあなたの発音とイントネーションを確認します。
In central Germany’s Ilsenhöhle cave, bone fragments are reshaping our understanding of early Homo sapiens in Europe. The 13 skeletal remains discovered in Ranis challenge the belief that Homo sapiens arrived in colder Europe over 45,000 years ago. The cave, situated in a cold steppe-tundra environment, housed small groups of hunter-gatherers who quickly adapted to the freezing conditions, coexisting with Ice Age animals like reindeer and woolly rhinoceroses. The discovered bones and tools provide insights into the LRJ culture, previously associated with Neanderthals but now connected to Homo sapiens. Published in Nature and Nature Ecology & Evolution, the research suggests that early Homo sapiens from warmer Africa might have contributed to Neanderthal extinction around 40,000 years ago. The study proposes that these Homo sapiens adapted to the cold by hunting large animals. This discovery not only informs us about early Homo sapiens in Europe but also resolves the tool-making debate, confirming that Homo sapiens, not Neanderthals, crafted them. Further research is crucial to fully comprehending the impact of climate change and the arrival of Homo sapiens on Neanderthals in Europe.
True or False:
Read the sentences and identify if they are true or false based on the article.
文章を読んで、記事に基づいて正誤を答えましょう。
- The cave mentioned in central Germany is called Ilsenhöhle.
- The 13 skeletal remains found in Ranis support the belief that Homo sapiens arrived in colder Europe over 45,000 years ago.
- The cave in central Germany’s Ilsenhöhle housed large groups of hunter-gatherers.
- The LRJ culture was initially associated with Homo sapiens and later connected to Neanderthals.
- The research published in Nature Ecology & Evolution suggests that early Homo sapiens from warmer Africa may have contributed to Neanderthal extinction around 40,000 years ago.
Fill in the blanks:
Choose the correct word from the table then fill in the blanks.
適切な言葉を選んで空欄を埋めましょう。
| central | cave | bone | remain | arrival |
- Exploring the dark and mysterious __________, we discovered ancient drawings and unique rock formations.
- The forensic team carefully examined the __________ found at the archaeological site to determine the cause of death.
- The unexpected __________ of the long-lost treasure surprised the archaeologists during the excavation.
- The __________ location of the hotel makes it convenient for guests to access various attractions in the city.
- The dog happily chewed on a delicious __________ while lounging in the backyard.