South Korea’s traditional kimchi is under threat from climate change. Experts, farmers, and manufacturers report that rising temperatures are negatively affecting the quality and quantity of napa cabbage, the main ingredient in kimchi. Napa cabbage grows best in cooler climates and was typically planted in mountainous areas where summer temperatures stayed below 25°C. However, climate change is causing these temperatures to rise, which endangers the future of napa cabbage farming in South Korea.

According to plant pathologist Lee Young-gyu, napa cabbage prefers temperatures between 18 and 21°C. The higher temperatures are causing problems for both farmers and kimchi makers. While other vegetables like radish and cucumber can be used to make kimchi, cabbage-based kimchi remains the favorite. Kimchi Master Lee Ha-yeon explained that higher temperatures lead to poor cabbage quality, with the central part of the cabbage going bad and the roots becoming mushy. The Rural Development Administration forecasts that the area used for growing highland cabbage will shrink significantly in the next 25 years, from 3,995 hectares to just 44 hectares. The increase in kimchi imports from China and rising temperatures are adding to the problems. The South Korean government is working on climate-controlled storage and new crop varieties to address these issues.