Research on using pig organs for human transplants is gaining momentum with the potential to address critical organ shortages. At a specialized research facility in the Blue Ridge mountains, pigs are genetically modified and raised under stringent biosecurity standards to prevent infections from affecting potential transplant recipients. Revivicor Inc., a biotech company, has developed these “designer pigs” with precise genetic changes, making their organs more compatible with the human body. In recent years, the first pig-to-human transplants were conducted in the U.S., involving hearts and kidneys from these modified pigs. Although the patients involved did not survive for long, the experiments provided essential data to help refine the process. Researchers are awaiting further results from studies on baboons and human cadavers, with the goal of securing FDA approval for wider clinical trials.

The process of creating these pigs involves advanced gene editing. Scientists delete certain pig genes that can trigger human immune responses and add human genes to reduce the risk of organ rejection. At United Therapeutics’ $75 million pathogen-free facility, which resembles a high-tech pharmaceutical plant rather than a traditional farm, pigs are raised in ultra-clean conditions. The facility’s advanced filtration systems, rigorous biosecurity protocols, and restricted access reduce pathogen risks, ensuring the animals are suitable for xenotransplantation. Experts estimate that if trials are successful, similar facilities could eventually produce thousands of pig organs annually, potentially transforming organ donation. Researchers are optimistic, observing minimal signs of immediate rejection in recent studies, suggesting a promising future for xenotransplantation.