In 2022, scientists explored Peru’s Amazon and found 27 new species, including an amphibious mouse with webbed feet that eats aquatic insects. Other discoveries included a spiny mouse, a dwarf squirrel, various fish, amphibians, and butterflies. The expedition took place in Alto Mayo, a protected area with diverse ecosystems, Indigenous lands, and villages. The team of 13 scientists, local technicians, and Indigenous members used camera traps, sound sensors, and DNA testing to identify species. Notable finds included a spiny mouse with stiff fur, a 14-cm dwarf squirrel, and a blob-headed armored catfish. Additionally, 48 species were marked as possibly new but need further study.

These discoveries highlight the importance of preserving areas like Alto Mayo, where human activities threaten many species. Trond Larsen, leader of Conservation International’s Rapid Assessment Program, emphasized the urgent need to protect these ecosystems before species are lost. Despite significant human impact, Alto Mayo remains rich in biodiversity. Larsen credited the Awajun people’s traditional knowledge as being vital to understanding the region. The findings show that, even with challenges, the area holds great conservation potential. This underscores the need for protective actions to ensure the survival of these newly discovered species and the unique ecosystem they inhabit.