Scientists have long explored how human speech evolved, focusing on the biological and genetic factors that made language possible. A recent study published in Nature Communications suggests that a unique genetic variant may have played a crucial role in the development of spoken language. Researchers discovered that a protein called NOVA1, found only in modern humans, might be linked to our ability to communicate. To test this, scientists at Rockefeller University in New York used CRISPR gene-editing technology to replace the NOVA1 protein in mice with its human-specific version. These modified mice produced different vocal sounds, supporting the idea that this gene may have helped Homo sapiens develop advanced communication skills. The ability to speak has given humans a significant advantage, enabling knowledge sharing, teamwork, and stronger social connections. It may have even set modern humans apart from extinct relatives like Neanderthals and Denisovans. Unlike the FOXP2 gene, which Neanderthals also had, NOVA1 is unique to humans. Experts, including Dr. Liza Finestack from the University of Minnesota, believe these findings could lead to a better understanding of speech disorders and future treatments.