Mudslides, also called debris flows, are a serious threat in areas with certain geological and weather conditions. In California, the combination of steep hills, loose soil, and frequent wildfires makes the risk of mudslides higher. Experts explain that the state’s young mountains, along with heavy rainfall, lead to unstable slopes. Droughts worsen the situation by hardening the soil, which cannot absorb water properly, causing runoff that loosens the earth. Additionally, wildfires destroy plants that help hold the soil together. Tragic events, such as the 2018 Montecito disaster, highlight the deadly impact of mudslides. This incident killed 23 people and caused significant property damage. Other disasters, like the 1934 storm, also resulted in many deaths. Climate scientists warn that changing weather patterns may make mudslides more frequent and intense.

To address these risks, authorities take several steps to protect communities. Debris basins are built to catch sediment and direct water downstream, preventing damage. These basins require regular maintenance because sediment can block them. After the 2018 disaster, Santa Barbara County spent $20 million on new infrastructure to improve safety. Experts also use advanced tools like lidar and GPS to monitor terrain changes and predict mudslide risks. Reforestation and soil stabilization efforts help reduce erosion and strengthen slopes, making them less likely to collapse. The Department of Conservation regularly updates hazard maps to ensure communities stay informed and prepared.