Vocabulary:
I will read the words, meanings, and sample sentences. Then, repeat after me.
- abrupt /uh-BRUHPT/
- adhere /ad-HEER/
- deprivation /dep-ruh-VEY-shuhn/
- legislative /LEJ-is-ley-tiv/
- physiological /fiz-ee-uh-LOJ-i-kuhl/
[adjective] – sudden and unexpected
The team’s victory celebration was cut short by an abrupt power outage.
[verb] – to follow or stick to a rule, belief, or agreement
Employees must adhere to the company’s dress code at all times.
[noun] – the lack or absence of something essential
Deprivation of proper nutrition can negatively affect a child’s growth.
[adjective] – related to laws or the process of making laws
The senator participated in a legislative discussion on tax reforms.
[adjective] – related to the normal functions of a living organism’s body
Stress can lead to physiological responses like increased heart rate and sweating.
Article reading:
Please read the whole article. Then, I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
Daylight saving time (DST) begins each year in March, requiring most regions in the United States to advance clocks by one hour. This shift results in darker mornings and extended daylight in the evening. The practice, initially introduced to conserve energy and optimize daylight use, affects individuals’ circadian rhythms, which regulate sleep patterns. Studies indicate that sleep disturbances caused by DST may persist for weeks. Researchers have discovered a temporary increase in heart attacks, strokes, and traffic accidents following the transition, highlighting potential risks associated with the abrupt change. While the majority of the U.S. observes DST, states such as Hawaii and most of Arizona adhere to standard time throughout the year. Several other countries also implement DST, although start and end dates differ internationally.
Adjusting to daylight saving time requires gradual changes in sleep habits. Sleep experts suggest advancing bedtime by 15 to 20 minutes each night before the transition to mitigate disruptions. Exposure to morning sunlight assists in resetting the body’s internal clock, improving sleep quality and overall health. Research links sleep deprivation to cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and cognitive decline, making consistent rest essential. Legislative efforts to abolish the biannual time adjustment remain a subject of debate, with some proposing permanent DST and others advocating for standard time year-round. Health organizations emphasize that standard time aligns more closely with natural daylight, supporting stable sleep patterns. Until a definitive policy is established, individuals must take proactive steps to minimize the physiological impact of time changes.
Adjusting to daylight saving time requires gradual changes in sleep habits. Sleep experts suggest advancing bedtime by 15 to 20 minutes each night before the transition to mitigate disruptions. Exposure to morning sunlight assists in resetting the body’s internal clock, improving sleep quality and overall health. Research links sleep deprivation to cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and cognitive decline, making consistent rest essential. Legislative efforts to abolish the biannual time adjustment remain a subject of debate, with some proposing permanent DST and others advocating for standard time year-round. Health organizations emphasize that standard time aligns more closely with natural daylight, supporting stable sleep patterns. Until a definitive policy is established, individuals must take proactive steps to minimize the physiological impact of time changes.
Discussion Questions:
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
- Have you ever had trouble sleeping because of a time change, such as traveling to another country or adjusting your sleep schedule? If so, how did you feel, and what did you do to adjust? If not, what do you think would be the hardest part of changing your sleep schedule?
- Have you ever felt very tired after changing your sleeping habits, like staying up late on weekends or waking up earlier than usual? If so, how did it affect your mood and energy during the day? If not, what helps you maintain a regular sleep routine?
- Do you agree that standard time is better for health than daylight saving time?
- What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of changing the clocks to have more daylight in the evening?
- What factors should governments consider before making changes that affect people’s daily routines?
Summarization
Please summarize the whole article using your own words and expressions. You will have one minute to prepare before you answer.
Describe:
Please explain the definition of each word listed below based on your understanding. You can provide example sentences if needed.
- region
- energy
- heart attack
- sleep pattern
- circadian rhythm