Vocabulary:
I will read the words, meanings, and sample sentences. Then, repeat after me.
- rank /rangk/
- caution /CAW-shuhn/
- minimal /MIN-uh-muhl/
- precedent /PRES-i-duhnt/
- legislation /lej-is-LEY-shuhn/
[verb] – to have a particular position in a list or hierarchy
The university ranks among the top institutions for medical research in the country.
[verb] – to warn someone to be careful
The weather service cautioned residents to stay indoors due to the approaching storm.
[adjective] – very small in amount, level, or degree
The damage from the earthquake was minimal due to strong building structures.
[noun] – an action, situation, or decision that can be used as an example for future cases
The court’s ruling set a legal precedent for similar cases in the future.
[noun] – a law or a set of laws made by a government
The government introduced new legislation to improve workplace safety.
Article reading:
Please read the whole article. Then, I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
Utah will become the first state to prohibit fluoride in public drinking water following legislative approval. Governor Spencer Cox announced plans to sign the bill, preventing local governments from deciding whether to fluoridate their water systems. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has emphasized fluoride’s role in strengthening teeth and preventing cavities by restoring lost minerals. Research indicates that community water fluoridation reduces tooth decay by approximately 25 percent. Despite this evidence, Utah lawmakers have argued that fluoridation is costly and should not be mandated. Representative Stephanie Gricius, who sponsored the bill, acknowledged fluoride’s benefits but stated that fluoridation should be a matter of individual choice. The decision follows a broader national debate, as some municipalities across the United States have already ceased adding fluoride to drinking water.
The decision has elicited strong reactions from both supporters and opponents. Dental professionals, including the American Dental Association (ADA), have expressed concerns about potential increases in cavities, particularly among children. Experts have warned that communities lacking fluoride in their water may experience higher rates of dental problems. According to data from the CDC, Utah ranks 44th in the United States for fluoridation, with only 66 out of 484 water systems reporting fluoride use in 2024. Public health officials have cautioned that the ban could disproportionately affect low-income individuals, who may not have access to alternative fluoride sources. While fluoride-related health concerns have been raised, the National Institutes of Health has stated that standard levels of fluoridation pose minimal risk. The decision in Utah may set a precedent for other states considering similar legislation.
The decision has elicited strong reactions from both supporters and opponents. Dental professionals, including the American Dental Association (ADA), have expressed concerns about potential increases in cavities, particularly among children. Experts have warned that communities lacking fluoride in their water may experience higher rates of dental problems. According to data from the CDC, Utah ranks 44th in the United States for fluoridation, with only 66 out of 484 water systems reporting fluoride use in 2024. Public health officials have cautioned that the ban could disproportionately affect low-income individuals, who may not have access to alternative fluoride sources. While fluoride-related health concerns have been raised, the National Institutes of Health has stated that standard levels of fluoridation pose minimal risk. The decision in Utah may set a precedent for other states considering similar legislation.
Discussion Questions:
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
- Have you ever learned about fluoride and its effects on dental health in school? If so, what was the most important thing you learned about it? If not, would you like to know more about how it helps teeth stay healthy?
- Have you ever had a dental problem that could have been prevented with better oral care? If so, what steps did you take to improve your dental health? If not, what habits do you follow to keep your teeth healthy?
- Do you agree that fluoridation should be an individual choice rather than a government decision?
- What are the possible long-term consequences of banning fluoride in public water systems?
- What alternative solutions could be used to ensure people maintain good dental health without fluoridation?
Summarization
Please summarize the whole article using your own words and expressions. You will have one minute to prepare before you answer.
Describe:
Please explain the definition of each word listed below based on your understanding. You can provide example sentences if needed.
- approval
- evidence
- costly
- opponent
- alternative