©NSF’s NoirLab via AP
Pre-reading questions:
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
- Can you think of any forces in the universe that might change over time?
- What do you know about dark energy?
Vocabulary:
I will read the words, meanings, and sample sentences. Then, repeat after me.
- expansion /ik-SPAN-shuhn/
- raise /reyz/
- weaken /WEE-kuhn/
- collapse /kuh-LAPS/
- confirm /kuhn-FURM/
[noun] – the act of increasing in size, number, or importance
The expansion of the city has led to more jobs.
[verb] – to bring up or cause something to be discussed or considered
The new evidence has raised concerns about the safety of the building.
[verb] – to make something weaker or less strong
The storm will weaken after a few hours.
[verb] – to fall down or break apart suddenly
The building will collapse if it is not repaired.
[verb] – to make something certain or verified
The teacher will confirm the test date tomorrow.
Article reading:
Please read the whole article. Then, I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
Dark energy is a mysterious force that makes up nearly 70% of the universe and drives the accelerated expansion of stars and galaxies. Scientists have long believed that dark energy is constant, but recent research has cast doubt on this idea. In early 2025, the American Physical Society presented findings from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), an international project that maps the spread of galaxies over the past 11 billion years. These findings have raised questions about whether dark energy is weakening, which could change the way the universe behaves.
The DESI results challenge the traditional view that dark energy remains constant. Some experts suggest that if dark energy is weakening, the universe might stop expanding and eventually collapse in a process known as the Big Crunch. On the other hand, if dark energy continues to be constant, the universe will keep expanding and become colder and emptier. While these results are important, researchers warn that more studies are needed to confirm them. Other space missions, such as the Euclid mission and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, will provide additional information. As technology advances, scientists expect to make even more significant discoveries about dark energy in the future.
The DESI results challenge the traditional view that dark energy remains constant. Some experts suggest that if dark energy is weakening, the universe might stop expanding and eventually collapse in a process known as the Big Crunch. On the other hand, if dark energy continues to be constant, the universe will keep expanding and become colder and emptier. While these results are important, researchers warn that more studies are needed to confirm them. Other space missions, such as the Euclid mission and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, will provide additional information. As technology advances, scientists expect to make even more significant discoveries about dark energy in the future.
Comprehension questions
I will read each question. Then, please answer them based on the article.
- What is dark energy?
- What does dark energy do to stars and galaxies?
- How much of the universe is made up of dark energy?
- What did the American Physical Society present in early 2025?
- What are some questions raised by DESI findings?
Discussion questions
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
- Have you ever thought about how the universe could change in the future? If so, what do you think might cause those changes? If not, what makes you think that way?
- Do you find the idea of the Big Crunch interesting? If so, how do you think the universe might end? If not, what other scientific theories interest you?
- Do you agree that dark energy might change over time?
- What might happen to life on Earth if the universe collapses?
- What are the challenges scientists face when studying dark energy?