Vocabulary:
I will read the words, meanings, and sample sentences. Then, repeat after me.
- fascination /fas-uh-NEY-shuhn/
- venomous /VEN-uh-muhs/
- antibody /AN-ti-bod-ee/
- neutralize /NOO-truh-lahyz/
- efficacy /EF-i-kuh-see/
[noun] – a strong interest or attraction to something
The artist’s fascination with ancient cultures is clear in his sculptures.
[adjective] – producing poison, especially in animals like snakes or spiders
The hiker was warned to stay away from venomous insects in the rainforest.
[noun] – a protein produced in the blood that fights diseases by attacking and killing harmful bacteria, viruses, etc.
Scientists studied the antibodies found in survivors of the disease.
[verb] – to stop something from having an effect or being harmful
A special solution was used to neutralize the acid in the lab.
[noun] – the ability to produce the desired result
The efficacy of the new painkiller was tested in clinical trials.
Article reading:
Please read the whole article. Then, I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
For almost two decades, a Wisconsin resident named Tim Friede has been exposing himself to snake venom by self-injecting small amounts and receiving bites in order to develop resistance. His extreme practice began out of fascination and curiosity about reptiles and venomous creatures. Recently, scientists have started studying his blood to develop a new type of antivenom. According to the World Health Organization, snakebites cause around 110,000 deaths each year, especially in areas with limited medical resources. Traditional antivenoms are expensive, species-specific, and often result in allergic reactions because they are made from animal antibodies. A recent study published in the journal Cell announced that researchers, including Columbia University’s Peter Kwong, discovered two rare antibodies in Friede’s blood that can neutralize venom from several snake species, including black mambas and cobras.
Researchers believe Friede’s antibodies could lead to a universal antivenom that is safer and more affordable. The experimental treatment has shown efficacy in mice, but human trials are still years away. While the new antivenom does not yet work on all snakes—such as vipers—experts like Nicholas Casewell from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine call the results promising. Friede is now working for Centivax, a biotechnology firm that supports the ongoing research. Despite the scientific interest, he has warned the public not to replicate his dangerous experiments, which have resulted in serious injuries, including the loss of part of a finger. Experts emphasize that while Friede’s antibodies are extraordinary, professional research remains the only safe and ethical path toward medical advancement.
Researchers believe Friede’s antibodies could lead to a universal antivenom that is safer and more affordable. The experimental treatment has shown efficacy in mice, but human trials are still years away. While the new antivenom does not yet work on all snakes—such as vipers—experts like Nicholas Casewell from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine call the results promising. Friede is now working for Centivax, a biotechnology firm that supports the ongoing research. Despite the scientific interest, he has warned the public not to replicate his dangerous experiments, which have resulted in serious injuries, including the loss of part of a finger. Experts emphasize that while Friede’s antibodies are extraordinary, professional research remains the only safe and ethical path toward medical advancement.
Discussion Questions:
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
- Have you ever seen a snake or another dangerous animal in real life? If so, where did it happen? What did you do? If not, would you like to see one at a zoo or in the wild? Why or why not?
- Have you ever had to go to the doctor or hospital because of an animal bite or injury? If so, what happened? How was it treated? If not, what would you do if a wild animal bit someone near you?
- Do you agree that scientists should study unusual cases like Tim Friede’s to help save lives?
- Why do you think it is difficult and expensive to make antivenom for snakebites?
- What are the risks and benefits of using human antibodies instead of animal ones in medicine?
Summarization
Please summarize the whole article using your own words and expressions. You will have one minute to prepare before you answer.
Describe:
Please explain the definition of each word listed below based on your understanding. You can provide example sentences if needed.
- study
- species
- treatment
- professional
- allergic reaction