Vocabulary:
I will read the words, meanings, and sample sentences. Then, repeat after me.
- document /DOK-yuh-ment/
- cognitive /KOG-ni-tiv/
- flexibility /flek-suh-BIL-i-tee/
- hypothesis /hahy-POTH-uh-sis/
- distinguished /dih-STING-gwisht/
[verb] – to record the details of something
The teacher documented the students’ progress during the project.
[adjective] – connected with thinking or conscious mental processes
The puzzle improves children’s cognitive development.
[noun] – the ability to change or be changed easily
Flexibility is needed when working in a busy restaurant.
[noun] – an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved
The class tested the hypothesis in the science experiment.
[adjective] – used to describe a person or animal who is respected and admired for excellence
She is a distinguished professor in biology.
Article reading:
Please read the whole article. Then, I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
A California sea lion named Ronan has continued to display extraordinary beat-keeping abilities, attracting attention from the scientific community. Ronan, who is now 15 years old, lives at the Long Marine Laboratory at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She was originally rescued and later became the subject of various studies. In 2013, researchers first documented her ability to move in sync with music, making her one of the few non-human animals known to do so. While most animals cannot follow rhythms like humans, parrots, or some primates, Ronan has shown consistent and advanced performance. A recent study published in Scientific Reports confirmed that she can still follow changing beats, especially to disco songs such as “Boogie Wonderland.” The study was conducted by researchers who had worked with Ronan for over a decade.
To examine her current ability, scientists asked Ronan to respond to percussion beats played at three different tempos: 112, 120, and 128 beats per minute. Two of these tempos were unfamiliar, allowing researchers to observe her cognitive flexibility. The sea lion performed better than ten college students who were asked to move their arms to the same beats. This surprising result supports the hypothesis that beat recognition may not depend only on vocal learning, as previously believed. Experts described Ronan as an outstanding example of animal musicality. The research also suggested that Ronan’s skill has improved over time, indicating potential for lifelong learning. Future studies aim to determine whether other sea lions can also demonstrate this ability, although Ronan is expected to remain a distinguished subject in this field.
To examine her current ability, scientists asked Ronan to respond to percussion beats played at three different tempos: 112, 120, and 128 beats per minute. Two of these tempos were unfamiliar, allowing researchers to observe her cognitive flexibility. The sea lion performed better than ten college students who were asked to move their arms to the same beats. This surprising result supports the hypothesis that beat recognition may not depend only on vocal learning, as previously believed. Experts described Ronan as an outstanding example of animal musicality. The research also suggested that Ronan’s skill has improved over time, indicating potential for lifelong learning. Future studies aim to determine whether other sea lions can also demonstrate this ability, although Ronan is expected to remain a distinguished subject in this field.
Discussion Questions:
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
- Have you ever seen an animal do something amazing? If so, what was it? If not, what would you like to see?
- Have you ever trained an animal to do a trick? If so, what trick? If not, would you like to try it?
- Do you agree that some animals are smarter than people expect?
- Why do you think some animals can follow music while others cannot?
- Why is it important to study animal behavior through music?
Summarization
Please summarize the whole article using your own words and expressions. You will have one minute to prepare before you answer.
Describe:
Please explain the definition of each word listed below based on your understanding. You can provide example sentences if needed.
- consistent
- decade
- tempo
- describe
- determine