Organic waste makes up a large portion of materials sent to landfills in the United States. Such waste includes things like fruit peels, garden waste, and other items that rot naturally. When these materials are buried without oxygen, they release methane, a potent greenhouse gas that significantly contributes to climate change. To address this environmental issue, experts encourage composting as an effective alternative. Composting is the natural process of breaking down organic waste with the help of air, moisture, and microorganisms. According to Robert Reed of Recology, compost improves soil’s ability to retain water and increases resistance to wildfires, droughts, and erosion. Many communities now offer curbside compost pickup, while others rely on local nonprofits or private companies.

Composting can be done both outdoors and indoors, depending on the available space and method chosen. Outdoor composting involves piling food scraps and yard waste in a bin or tumbler and maintaining a balance between “greens” (like vegetable peels) and “browns” (such as cardboard). The Environmental Protection Agency advises against including meat, dairy, and oily items to prevent pests and avoid odors. Compost piles need regular turning to provide oxygen and may take three to twelve months to fully decompose. Indoor composting, known as vermicomposting, uses specific worms to break down waste and produce nutrient-rich castings within a few months. Although technologically advanced composting devices exist, experts like Nora Goldstein emphasize that these machines produce partially processed material and should be used with caution. Composting, despite its occasional complexities, offers a viable and environmentally beneficial alternative to landfill disposal and plays a crucial role in sustainable waste management.