The axolotl, a salamander often seen as a cultural symbol of Mexico, has suffered a precipitous decline in its natural habitat over the past decades. Once abundant in the canals of Xochimilco, the species is now nearly impossible to find in the wild. Researchers from Mexico’s National Autonomous University are using environmental DNA, or eDNA, to detect the presence of this endangered creature. The method involves filtering canal water for genetic traces left by animals and comparing them to an existing genetic library. A study of 53 sites revealed axolotl DNA mainly in protected refuges with cleaner water and only a small trace outside those areas. Experts noted that this minimal finding still provides a fortuitous sign of possible resilience despite severe habitat degradation. Population studies underline the crisis, with numbers dropping from 6,000 per square kilometer in 1998 to only 36 in 2014.

The current research highlights both the obstacles and opportunities for conservation. Scientists stressed that axolotls can recover quickly because they lay many eggs, as long as their habitat is restored. The work has already improved water quality and supported burgeoning populations of pollinators, showing wider environmental benefits. However, threats remain from urban expansion and pollution. Experts argued that policymakers must avoid further irrevocable damage by restricting commercial development on chinampas, the traditional man-made islands, and instead promote sustainable farming practices. According to researchers, such strategies would not only preserve local traditions but also ensure the survival of the axolotl. With careful protection and tenacious efforts, the species may once again thrive in Xochimilco’s historic canals.