Japan’s space agency, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), successfully launched the H3 rocket on Sunday, October 26, 2025, from the Tanegashima Space Center in southern Japan. The rocket carried the new HTV-X1 unmanned cargo spacecraft, which entered its planned orbit about 14 minutes after liftoff. The mission’s goal is to deliver supplies to the International Space Station (ISS), such as food, scientific tools, and maintenance equipment. Japanese astronaut Kimiya Yui, who is now working at the ISS, will capture the cargo spacecraft using a robotic arm. The HTV-X1 replaces the older H-II Transfer Vehicle, called Kounotori, which completed nine successful missions between 2009 and 2020. The launch also marked the first flight of the most powerful version of the H3 rocket, which has four boosters and a larger fairing to hold bigger cargo.

The HTV-X1 is an important step in Japan’s space technology. It can carry more materials and provide power during flight, which helps protect sensitive scientific samples. It will stay attached to the ISS for up to six months to deliver supplies and collect waste and later continue independent missions for three more months. JAXA President Hiroshi Yamakawa said the launch showed Japan’s growing strength in space development. The new H3 rocket, made with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, is more efficient and cost-effective. Experts believe this success will strengthen Japan’s position in the global space industry.