The Antarctic Peninsula has become an important focus of scientific research due to rapid environmental changes caused by global warming. The region is located at the northern edge of Antarctica and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. It is known for strong seas, large glaciers, and wildlife that can survive extreme conditions. In recent decades, global temperatures have risen mainly because of the burning of oil, gas, and coal. Scientists report that warming in the Antarctic Peninsula has occurred faster than in many other parts of the world. The surrounding ocean plays a major role in the global climate system because it absorbs large amounts of carbon dioxide produced by human activity. As a result, changes in this region provide early signs of wider climate impacts.

Scientific studies show how rising temperatures are affecting ice levels, ocean conditions, and animal populations. Satellite data collected between 2002 and 2020 indicate that Antarctica lost an average of about 149 billion metric tons of ice each year. Researchers warn that this rate of ice loss is likely to continue without major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Gentoo penguins have expanded farther south because open water and ice-free ground support nesting and feeding. In contrast, Adelie penguins remain at risk because sea ice is necessary for resting and finding food. These environmental changes influence food systems, predator behavior, and ocean balance, creating long-term effects on biodiversity and global sea levels.