In Cambodia, a fisherman named Em Phat, aged 53, has turned to eel farming as a new source of income due to the severe impact of climate change and environmental degradation on the fisheries of Tonle Sap, Southeast Asia’s largest lake. Once known as one of the most productive inland fisheries globally, Tonle Sap has faced a dramatic decline in fish populations caused by deforestation, illegal fishing, and the construction of dams along the Mekong River. To adapt, many fishermen, including Phat, have sought alternative livelihoods, with eel farming gaining popularity because of the increasing demand in China, Japan, and South Korea. This shift has been supported by a British nonprofit organization, VSO, which provides training and resources to enhance income potential through eel farming.

Although eel farming holds promise, it presents multiple challenges. Eels require clean, oxygenated water and specialized diets to thrive, and they are susceptible to diseases. Phat experienced significant losses when a power outage disrupted his oxygen pumps. Despite these difficulties, experts such as Zeb Hogan, a fish biologist at the University of Nevada, suggest that aquaculture could offer a sustainable solution for fishermen impacted by declining fish stocks. Furthermore, the Cambodian government has signed trade agreements aimed at increasing exports of eels and other aquatic species, which may contribute to economic growth. This expansion also promotes knowledge transfer within local communities, fostering a more resilient economy.