©(AP Photo/Felix Marquez)
Pre-reading questions:
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
- What is urbanization?
- What challenges do farmers face in maintaining their livelihoods today?
Vocabulary:
I will read the words, meanings, and sample sentences. Then, repeat after me.
- mud /muhd/
- profitable /PROF-i-tuh-buhl/
- ecologist /ih-KOL-uh-jist/
- irrigation /ir-i-GEY-shuhn/
- endure /en-DOOR/
[noun] – soft, wet earth or soil, often found on the ground after rain
After the rain, the trail was covered in thick mud, making it hard to walk.
[adjective] – earning or likely to earn money or gain
Investing in renewable energy projects can be very profitable.
[noun] – a person who studies the natural relationships between the air, land, water, animals, plants, etc.
The ecologist spent years studying the impact of pollution on local rivers.
[noun] – the practice of supplying land with water so that crops and plants will grow
Without proper irrigation, crops in this region would struggle to grow.
[verb] – to continue or last despite hardship or suffering
The old tree endured harsh winters and hot summers for decades.
Article reading:
Please read the whole article. Then, I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
Chinampas are a traditional farming system developed by the Aztecs, an ancient civilization in central Mexico. These “floating gardens” have provided food for communities in what is now Mexico City for centuries. Made by layering lakebed mud to create fertile islands, chinampas are essential to the region’s agriculture. However, urban growth is threatening their survival. As the city expands, many farmers are turning away from chinampa cultivation for more profitable uses like soccer fields. Cassandra Garduño, a farmer dedicated to saving this tradition, notes that interest in chinampa farming is fading. Low market prices for chinampa-grown produce have led some families to sell or rent their lands, risking the loss of this important cultural practice.
Despite these challenges, efforts to restore chinampa farming are underway. Garduño is part of Chinampa Refuge, a group focused on sustainable farming and educating younger generations about the importance of chinampas. Ecologist Luis Zambrano’s research highlights the benefits of chinampas, which can produce multiple crops without chemicals or heavy irrigation. Preserving chinampas also supports wildlife and helps regulate urban temperatures. However, converting farmland into recreational areas raises environmental issues, as increased chemical use harms the ecosystem. Local authorities are working to manage these developments to protect the chinampas, helping this UNESCO World Heritage site endure in modern times.
Despite these challenges, efforts to restore chinampa farming are underway. Garduño is part of Chinampa Refuge, a group focused on sustainable farming and educating younger generations about the importance of chinampas. Ecologist Luis Zambrano’s research highlights the benefits of chinampas, which can produce multiple crops without chemicals or heavy irrigation. Preserving chinampas also supports wildlife and helps regulate urban temperatures. However, converting farmland into recreational areas raises environmental issues, as increased chemical use harms the ecosystem. Local authorities are working to manage these developments to protect the chinampas, helping this UNESCO World Heritage site endure in modern times.
Comprehension questions
I will read each question. Then, please answer them based on the article.
- What civilization developed the chinampa farming system?
- Where are chinampas located in modern times?
- What material do farmers use to create the fertile islands of chinampas?
- What does Cassandra Garduño think about the interest in chinampa farming?
- According to ecologist Luis Zambrano, what is one benefit of chinampas?
Discussion questions
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
- Have you ever visited a farm or seen a garden that grows food? If so, what did you see, and what did you like about it? If not, would you be interested in visiting one? Why or why not?
- If you were a farmer, would you continue farming chinampas, even if it wasn’t very profitable? Why or why not?
- Do you agree that it’s important to protect traditional farming methods like chinampas, even if they aren’t as profitable as other activities?
- Why do you think it is difficult for farmers to keep using chinampas with the growth of the city around them?
- How could local authorities encourage farmers to continue chinampa farming instead of other activities?