Freshwater ecosystems cover about 1% of Earth’s surface but support over 10% of all known species. However, these habitats face serious threats, as shown in a recent study published in Nature. Researchers studied 23,496 freshwater species, including fish, crustaceans, and insects, and found that 24% are at high risk of extinction. The main threats to these ecosystems are pollution, dam construction, water extraction, agriculture, invasive species, and overharvesting. Some endangered species include the mini blue bee shrimp in Sulawesi, the Atlantic helicopter damselfly in Brazil, and the shortnose sucker fish in North America. These species live in wetlands, lakes, rivers, and peatlands, which have shrunk by over a third since 1970. The study highlights the need for urgent conservation efforts to protect these ecosystems and their biodiversity.

Freshwater habitats provide important services, such as carbon storage, fisheries, and natural resources, contributing around $50 trillion annually to global well-being. Regions with the highest numbers of endangered species include Lake Victoria in Africa, Lake Titicaca in South America, and areas of India and Sri Lanka. Researchers stress the need to address threats like pollution and invasive species. Conservationists recommend better water management to balance human needs with ecosystem protection. This study also helps track progress in reducing threats to freshwater species, emphasizing the need for stronger protections and interventions.