China’s population experienced a decline for the third consecutive year in 2024, as reported by official government data. The population reached 1.408 billion, showing a reduction of 1.39 million compared to 2023. This demographic shift is similar to trends observed in East Asian countries such as Japan and South Korea, where aging populations and low birth rates are pressing issues. Experts attribute these changes to rising living costs, prioritization of higher education, and career advancement, which delay or reduce marriage and childbirth rates. Additionally, China was surpassed by India as the most populous nation in 2023, marking a significant demographic milestone. Analysts have indicated that limited immigration and a rapidly aging society are exacerbating these challenges, potentially undermining the world’s second-largest economy.

Efforts to mitigate these issues include government programs offering subsidies and cash incentives to families with three children. Despite these measures, their impact has been temporary. Urbanization continues to increase, with 67% of the population living in cities in 2024. Social security systems face pressure from an aging population, with more than 22% of individuals aged 60 or older. By 2035, this figure may surpass 30%. Educational institutions are being repurposed into elderly care centers, highlighting the growing need for such facilities. Economists warn that the combination of workforce shortages and demographic shifts could lead to long-term economic stagnation.