In 2024, scientists from China discovered that the far side of the moon has less water than the side facing Earth. This discovery was made during China’s Chang’e 6 mission, which landed on the far side of the moon. The mission collected soil and rock samples from the South Pole-Aitken basin, one of the largest impact craters in the solar system. The water content in these samples was less than 1.5 micrograms per gram, much lower than the near side, where water levels range between 1 and 200 micrograms per gram. This has raised questions about the composition and water distribution on the moon’s surface.

Experts suggest that the impact that created the South Pole-Aitken basin might have moved water to the near side. Another possibility is that water may vary across the moon’s surface. While this discovery is significant, it is unlikely to change NASA’s plans for lunar exploration, including the Artemis program, which is still scheduled for 2027.