A study released by the National Academy of Sciences in 2025 reported that many Americans inaccurately judge which personal actions have the greatest impact on climate change. Conducted in the United States, the research asked participants to rank activities such as switching from gasoline-powered cars to electric vehicles, carpooling, and reducing food waste. Results showed that participants gave excessive attention to low-impact but visible habits like recycling while overlooking high-impact actions such as avoiding flights, not owning a dog, and using renewable energy. Experts stated that climate change is mainly caused by greenhouse gases released when fossil fuels are burned, and the most consequential personal actions reduce these emissions.

Researchers said marketing campaigns consistently highlight visible habits, making them seem more compelling. Psychologists explained that the tangible nature of recycling makes it easier to remember than invisible emissions from flights. Air travel produces large amounts of carbon dioxide, with one round-trip from New York to Los Angeles releasing over 1,300 pounds per passenger. Dog ownership also increases emissions because of the meat-based diets of carnivorous pets. Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind can reduce emissions greatly, while smaller changes like using energy-efficient appliances offer less benefit. Strengthening public awareness can lead to more deliberate climate-friendly choices.