The axolotl, a salamander that is seen as a cultural symbol of Mexico, has faced a drastic population decline in its natural home during recent decades. Once widespread in the canals of Xochimilco, the species has now become extremely rare in the wild. Scientists from the National Autonomous University of Mexico have begun using environmental DNA, or eDNA, to track its survival. The process filters water for genetic traces left by animals and compares them with a database. A recent study in 53 locations showed axolotl DNA mainly in clean, protected areas and only very small traces elsewhere. Experts explained that this limited evidence still offered a promising sign that some groups may continue to survive, even under difficult conditions. Data showed populations dropped from 6,000 per square kilometer in 1998 to only 36 in 2014, a figure considered critical for the future of the species.

The research also suggested chances for recovery. Scientists emphasized that axolotls can reproduce fast if their habitat improves. Current projects have helped water quality and supported diverse species such as pollinators, creating wider environmental benefits. However, threats continue from urban growth and pollution. Specialists warned that further irreversible damage must be prevented by limiting construction on chinampas, the traditional farming islands, and promoting sustainable practices. Such strategies would protect both cultural heritage and the survival of the axolotl.