The axolotl, a rare salamander and cultural symbol of Mexico, has faced a serious population decline in recent decades. Once common in the canals of Xochimilco, the species is now almost absent in the wild. Scientists from the National Autonomous University of Mexico started using environmental DNA, or eDNA, to monitor its survival. The method collects water and searches for genetic traces left by animals. A study in 53 sites found axolotl DNA mainly in protected areas and only a little in other places. Experts said this discovery gave a notable sign of hope that some groups are still alive. Reports showed the population dropped from 6,000 per square kilometer in 1998 to only 36 in 2014, a level called critical.

The study also pointed to ways for recovery. Scientists said axolotls can reproduce quickly if the habitat improves. Current projects raised water quality and helped other species, giving tangible environmental gains. But threats remain from pollution and urban growth. Specialists warned that further severe damage must be stopped by limiting construction and promoting sustainable farming. Such actions would protect cultural heritage and aid axolotl survival. Experts described these plans as crucial and beneficial for the environment and for Mexico’s history.