Giraffes have long been admired in Africa for their height, patterned coats, and graceful movements. A recent scientific analysis released in August 2025 revealed that these animals are not a single species but four distinct ones: Northern giraffes, Masai giraffes, Reticulated giraffes, and Southern giraffes. For many years, giraffes were grouped as one species, but new genetic studies and anatomical examinations have changed this view. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the decision was based on over two decades of research involving more than 2,000 samples. This new classification is important because each species has different population sizes, threats, and conservation needs. The Northern giraffe, living in areas such as South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Central African Republic, is considered the most endangered, with only about 7,000 individuals left. In contrast, the Southern giraffe is the most abundant, with nearly 69,000 in the wild.

The separation of giraffes into four species helps to elucidate their biological differences and the unique challenges they face. Advances in DNA sequencing technology, which once cost tens of thousands of dollars but now requires only about one hundred, made this breakthrough possible. Conservationists explained that the dichotomy between treating giraffes as one group and recognizing them individually has serious ramifications for survival strategies. Northern giraffes face challenges in their environment, Masai giraffes are affected by habitat loss, and Reticulated giraffes are impacted by declining numbers. The Southern giraffe remains stable but still requires monitoring. Experts said it is paramount to understand these divisions because conservation measures must respond to the tenuous balance between human development and wildlife protection. By identifying separate species, scientists believe future protection can be more focused and effective.