Giraffes, admired for their tall necks and patterned coats, were once thought to be only one species in Africa. A scientific study released in August 2025 showed that giraffes are actually four distinct species: Northern giraffes, Masai giraffes, Reticulated giraffes, and Southern giraffes. This discovery followed more than two decades of research using over 2,000 samples. Scientists used both genetic analysis and anatomical observations to confirm the differences. The International Union for Conservation of Nature reported that the Northern giraffe is the most endangered, with about 7,000 left in countries such as South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. In contrast, the Southern giraffe is the most numerous, with nearly 69,000 in the wild. Experts said the finding is noteworthy because it changes how conservation must be planned.

The separation into four species helps to clarify the biological differences and the dangers faced by each group. DNA technology, which has become more affordable, made this discovery possible. Researchers explained that the distinction between treating giraffes as one or many has serious consequences for survival strategies. Northern giraffes are threatened by poaching and problems in the country, Masai giraffes by habitat loss, and Reticulated giraffes by population decline. The Southern giraffe remains stable but still needs monitoring. Experts stressed that it is essential to recognize these divisions so that protection can be more effective. With targeted plans, scientists believe giraffes will have a better chance of survival.