Vocabulary:
I will read the words, meanings, and sample sentences. Then, repeat after me.
- duration /doo-REY-shuhn/
- distribution /dis-truh-BYOO-shuhn/
- spin /spin/
- speculate /SPEK-yuh-leyt/
- accumulation /uh-kyoo-myuh-LEY-shuhn/
[noun] – the length of time that something lasts
He wanted a stay of three years’ duration.
[noun] – the way in which something is shared out among a group or spread over an area
These birds have a wide geographic distribution.
[verb] – to (cause to) turn around and around, especially fast
The wheel can now spin freely.
[verb] – to guess possible answers to a question when you do not have enough information to be certain
It’s always hard to speculate about the future.
[noun] – an amount of something that has been collected
Despite the accumulation of evidence, the government chose to remain silent.
Article reading:
Please read the whole article. Then, I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
The Earth does not rotate in a totally uniform manner. The Earth’s rotation slows down over time, increasing the duration of the day by around 1.8 milliseconds every century on average. This suggests that a day only lasted 21 hours 600 million years ago. The variations in day length are caused by a number of reasons, including the Moon’s and Sun’s tidal effects, core-mantle coupling within the Earth, and the planet’s total mass distribution.
A stunning discovery was made by scientists in the year 2020. They discovered that, rather than slowing down, the Earth has begun to rotate faster. It is now spinning at a faster rate than it has been in the previous 50 years. In fact, the 28 days with the shortest duration on record all happened in the year 2020. Scientists are still unsure what is causing the increase in Earth’s rotation rate, although some speculate that it may be related to the melting of glaciers throughout the twentieth century or the accumulation of vast amounts of water in the northern hemisphere reservoirs.
But, for the time being, should we be concerned? Although it will have no impact on our daily lives, it could have major repercussions for technology such as Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, smartphones, laptops, and communication networks, which all rely on extremely precise timing systems. However, such issues can be solved in the end, perhaps by simply deleting a leap second rather than adding one. So, unless the shortening of the day is due to human activities, we shouldn’t be concerned.
A stunning discovery was made by scientists in the year 2020. They discovered that, rather than slowing down, the Earth has begun to rotate faster. It is now spinning at a faster rate than it has been in the previous 50 years. In fact, the 28 days with the shortest duration on record all happened in the year 2020. Scientists are still unsure what is causing the increase in Earth’s rotation rate, although some speculate that it may be related to the melting of glaciers throughout the twentieth century or the accumulation of vast amounts of water in the northern hemisphere reservoirs.
But, for the time being, should we be concerned? Although it will have no impact on our daily lives, it could have major repercussions for technology such as Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, smartphones, laptops, and communication networks, which all rely on extremely precise timing systems. However, such issues can be solved in the end, perhaps by simply deleting a leap second rather than adding one. So, unless the shortening of the day is due to human activities, we shouldn’t be concerned.
Discussion Questions:
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
- Do you know of any discovery related to the article? Please tell me more about it.
- Are you aware of the 28 days with the shortest duration on record that all happened in the year 2020? What is your opinion of it?
- What do you think would happen to human activities if the Earth’s rotations were faster than usual?
- Do you agree with the idea that we should not be concerned unless the shortening of the day is due to human activities?
- In your opinion, what is the main reason why the Earth is spinning a little faster?
Summarization
Please summarize the whole article using your own words and expressions. You will have one minute to prepare before you answer.
Describe:
Please explain the definition of each word listed below based on your understanding. You can provide example sentences if needed.
- rotation
- century
- discovery
- repercussion
- timing