The outbreak of bird flu, first detected in North America in late 2021, has had a profound impact on wild bird populations across the continent. Since its emergence, more than 170 species of North American wild birds, including ducks, geese, gulls, owls, and eagles, have been infected with the virus. According to data from the U.S. Agriculture Department, over 12,000 individual birds have tested positive. However, experts have emphasized that this figure is significantly underestimated, as numerous deceased birds are never submitted for testing. Migratory birds such as geese and eared grebes have experienced severe losses, with one outbreak in Utah resulting in the deaths of 15,000 to 25,000 birds. Seabirds, known for nesting in dense colonies, have also faced considerable casualties. Conversely, songbirds like northern cardinals and blue jays, which tend to avoid crowded gatherings, have demonstrated greater resilience.

In response to the virus’s persistence, experts have provided guidance to mitigate its spread. Although bird feeders are not considered a major transmission risk, those maintaining backyard chickens are encouraged to remove feeders to reduce potential contact with infected birds. Cleaning bird feeders and nesting boxes regularly is also advised. In an effort to safeguard endangered species, researchers initiated a vaccination program for California condors, though experts regard this strategy as impractical for most wild bird populations. Enhanced habitat protection and reduced exposure to environmental hazards are seen as more effective long-term strategies. Despite the initial toll on bald eagles, recent data indicate a significant decline in reported infections, suggesting some surviving birds may have developed acquired immunity. A record number of bald eagles was observed migrating through northern Minnesota this past season, providing optimistic signs of recovery.