Pre-reading questions
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
- What things do you have the motivation to do?
- What motivates you to achieve your goals?
Vocabulary
I will read the words, meanings, and sample sentences. Then, repeat after me.
- inflexible /in-FLEK-suh-buhl/
- ego /EE-goh/
- theory /THEE-uh-ree/
- challenge /CHAL-inj/
- frequently /FREE-kwuhnt-lee/
[adjective] – (especially of opinions and rules) fixed and unable or unwilling to change
This strategy is too expensive and inflexible.
[noun] – your idea or opinion of yourself, especially your feeling of your own importance and ability
Sarah needed a job to boost her ego, so I’m delighted she got the job.
[noun] – something suggested as a reasonable explanation for facts, a condition, or an event, especially a systematic or scientific explanation
These additional facts make the theory impossible.
[verb] – to test someone’s ability or determination
He felt powerful, and no one would ever challenge his leadership.
[adverb] – often
Yamato frequently presents his works at the gallery.
Article reading
Please read the whole article. Then, I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
The demands we face on a daily basis seem to test our ability to practice self-control. It’s common to think of motivation as inflexible and limited. But there are practical ways to increase it.
Research suggests that even if you can use your willpower to resist temptation, you could find yourself lacking it when you need it for a task. For instance, when people resist the urge to consume cookies that are temptingly put on a table, their motivation reserves are drained, and they later show less willpower when solving a mathematical problem. This process is referred to as “ego depletion.” However, in a study she published in 2010, psychologist Veronika Job questioned the idea of this theory. As circumstances gather that challenge you with temptations and make it difficult for you to resist them, it is said that your perception of willpower is “limited.” Yet, if you have just resisted a strong temptation, feel strengthened, and are able to resist new temptations, you are considered to have a “non-limited” perspective of willpower. Job found that people with restricted thinking frequently acted in ways that the ego- depletion theory predicted. But for those who possessed a non-limited perspective, there were no signs of ego depletion.
What should we do if our self-control reserves are quickly depleted? Do not expect miracles to happen immediately. Your mindset will change because of your perseverance.
Research suggests that even if you can use your willpower to resist temptation, you could find yourself lacking it when you need it for a task. For instance, when people resist the urge to consume cookies that are temptingly put on a table, their motivation reserves are drained, and they later show less willpower when solving a mathematical problem. This process is referred to as “ego depletion.” However, in a study she published in 2010, psychologist Veronika Job questioned the idea of this theory. As circumstances gather that challenge you with temptations and make it difficult for you to resist them, it is said that your perception of willpower is “limited.” Yet, if you have just resisted a strong temptation, feel strengthened, and are able to resist new temptations, you are considered to have a “non-limited” perspective of willpower. Job found that people with restricted thinking frequently acted in ways that the ego- depletion theory predicted. But for those who possessed a non-limited perspective, there were no signs of ego depletion.
What should we do if our self-control reserves are quickly depleted? Do not expect miracles to happen immediately. Your mindset will change because of your perseverance.
Comprehension questions
I will read each question. Then, please answer them based on the article.
- What does research suggest about using our willpower?
- What is “ego depletion”?
- Who is Veronika Job?
- What is a “limited” perspective of willpower?
- What is a “non-limited” perspective of willpower?
Discussion questions
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
- Have you made any impulsive decisions? Please tell me more about them.
- What do you do when you feel your motivation dropping?
- Do you consider yourself someone with a “limited” or “non-limited” view of willpower? Why?
- Do you agree that ego depletion depends on people’s beliefs?
- How can people change their mindset to keep their self-control?