Vocabulary:
I will read the words, meanings, and sample sentences. Then, repeat after me.
- undergo /uhn-der-GOH/
- immune system /uh-MYOON-si-stm/
- stabilize /STEY-buh-lahyz/
- adverse /ad-VURS/
- duration /doo-REY-shuhn/
[verb] – to experience something that is unpleasant or has a strong effect
He had to undergo surgery after the accident.
[noun] – the cells and tissues in the body that make it able to protect itself against infection
Eating fruits and vegetables can help strengthen your immune system.
[verb] – to become or make something become firm, steady, or unlikely to change
The doctor gave him medicine to help stabilize his condition.
[adjective] – having a negative or harmful effect on something
Smoking has adverse effects on health.
[noun] – the length of time that something lasts
The meeting will be for the duration of two hours.
Article reading:
Please read the whole article. Then, I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
Space tourists undergo similar body changes to astronauts, recent studies reveal. These changes generally revert to normal once back on Earth, showcasing the body’s ability to adapt to and recover from space travel stresses. Research on four space tourists has highlighted how untrained individuals adapt to conditions like weightlessness and radiation. This research is crucial for future space missions, offering insights into the physiological challenges faced by space travelers. NASA has extensively studied astronauts’ responses to space travel, but less focus has been given to space tourists, who typically have less training. The first tourist visit to the ISS in 2001 marked a shift in private space travel, which has grown with the rise of commercial spaceflight companies offering short missions.
A 2021 study involved a three-day flight where researchers closely examined the rapid physiological responses to spaceflight. Participants collected biological samples, revealing cellular changes, including impacts on the immune system. Most alterations stabilized upon returning to Earth, indicating short-term spaceflight doesn’t pose significant long-term health risks. Findings published in Nature journals provide a detailed view of space travel’s effects on the body, including the skin, kidneys, and immune system. These insights are vital for developing strategies to mitigate space travel’s adverse effects, ensuring the safety of future space tourists and astronauts. This research enhances our understanding of human adaptation to space and supports long-duration missions, such as those planned for Mars.
A 2021 study involved a three-day flight where researchers closely examined the rapid physiological responses to spaceflight. Participants collected biological samples, revealing cellular changes, including impacts on the immune system. Most alterations stabilized upon returning to Earth, indicating short-term spaceflight doesn’t pose significant long-term health risks. Findings published in Nature journals provide a detailed view of space travel’s effects on the body, including the skin, kidneys, and immune system. These insights are vital for developing strategies to mitigate space travel’s adverse effects, ensuring the safety of future space tourists and astronauts. This research enhances our understanding of human adaptation to space and supports long-duration missions, such as those planned for Mars.
Discussion Questions:
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
- Have you ever experienced a situation where you had to adapt to a new environment quickly? If so, how did you manage it? If not, how do you think you would handle such a situation?
- Have you ever traveled somewhere that required special preparation, like a high-altitude location or a different climate? If so, what steps did you take to prepare? If not, where would you like to go that might need special preparation?
- Do you agree that research on space tourists is as important as research on professional astronauts?
- How do you think the findings on space tourists’ physiological changes could influence the future design of space missions?
- In what ways do you believe private space travel could change our understanding of human adaptation to extreme environments?
Summarization
Please summarize the whole article using your own words and expressions. You will have one minute to prepare before you answer.
Describe:
Please explain the definition of each word listed below based on your understanding. You can provide example sentences if needed.
- revert
- highlight
- astronaut
- participant
- adaptation