Pre-reading questions:
I will read each question. Then, please answer them.
講師がそれぞれの質問を読むので答えましょう。
- Do animals change over time to better survive in their environments?
- Do some species survive while others go extinct?
Vocabulary:
I will read the words, meanings, and sample sentences. Then, repeat after me.
単語、意味、例文を読みます。講師に続いて音読しましょう。
- likely /LAHYK-lee/
- cattle /KAT-l/
- society /suh-SAHY-i-tee/
- history /HIS-tree/
- lasting /LAST-ing/
[adverb] – probably
She will likely arrive before noon.
[noun] – large farm animals kept for their meat or milk
The farmer raised cattle for beef production.
[noun] – a group of people living together in a community; organized human life
Our society values education and hard work.
[noun] – the study of past events, particularly human affairs
Studying history helps us understand how societies evolve over time.
[adjective] – continuing for a long time or enduring
Their friendship had a lasting impact on his life.
Article reading:
Please read the whole article. Then, I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
記事を音読しましょう。講師はあなたの発音とイントネーションを確認します。
Around 4,200 years ago, a special group of horses from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe became crucial in Eurasia. This new type of horse quickly became the primary kind people used. Scientists discovered this by studying ancient DNA, which revealed these horses had a unique back shape, making them better for riding. The Sintashta people likely tamed these horses and spread them across Eurasia. This change happened much faster than with animals like dogs, pigs, and cattle. Archaeological evidence shows humans used horses for milk and riding for thousands of years. However, around 4,200 years ago, tamed horses significantly transformed Eurasian societies. This research highlights horses’ profound impact on history and their quick adaptation to human needs. Their unique traits revolutionized transportation and warfare, influencing cultural exchange and economic networks across Eurasia. This period marked the start of equestrian cultures, shaping civilizations from the steppes to the Mediterranean. The emergence of these special horses left a lasting mark on human civilization, changing how societies grew and interacted across vast regions.
True or False:
Read the sentences and identify if they are true or false based on the article.
文章を読んで、記事に基づいて正誤を答えましょう。
- The special horses from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe were discovered through studying ancient DNA.
- Dogs and pigs were tamed more quickly than horses by humans.
- The emergence of special horses 4,200 years ago did not impact Eurasian societies significantly.
- The special horses had unique back shapes that made them suitable for riding.
- Equestrian cultures influenced only local regions and did not spread beyond Eurasia.
Fill in the blanks:
Choose the correct word from the table, then fill in the blanks.
適切な言葉を選んで空欄を埋めましょう。
| likely | cattle | society | history | lasting |
- The cattle’s walls were built to withstand ______ attacks.
- He is ______ to pass the exam with such thorough preparation.
- They milk the ______ every morning.
- In many ______, family is considered the foundation of social structure.
- Ancient ______ often involves interpreting archaeological findings.