African elephants hold the title as the biggest land animals on the planet. They are very intelligent and social creatures, but their numbers are declining. A new study shows that populations have dropped sharply in many areas of Africa over the last 50 years. The study analyzed information collected from 475 sites across 37 African nations between 1964 and 2016. It focused on two species: savanna elephants and forest elephants. Researchers found that savanna elephant populations declined by about 70%, while forest elephant populations fell by 90%. Elephant populations decreased by an average of 77% at the sites studied, mainly due to poaching and the loss of their habitats.

Poachers kill elephants for their tusks, which are often sold illegally, primarily in Asia. Habitat loss happens because of agriculture expanding into elephant territories. Forest elephants are especially affected, with smaller populations compared to savanna elephants. In certain areas, such as the Sahel region in Mali, Chad, and Nigeria, elephants have been entirely wiped out. However, there are positive outcomes too. In southern Africa, populations have grown in 42% of the areas studied, especially in Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Namibia. This is due to conservation programs and strong management by governments or organizations. The study did not estimate the total elephant population because methods used at different times and locations varied. Still, a separate estimate in 2016 suggested there were between 415,000 and 540,000 African elephants left. Elephants are crucial to African ecosystems, helping maintain the balance between forests and grasslands and spreading seeds. Protecting them is vital for the environment.