The Mekong giant catfish, one of the world’s largest and rarest freshwater species, has shown signs of recovery following recent conservation efforts. In Cambodia, six of these critically endangered fish were caught and released within five days, marking a significant event for this species. These underwater giants, capable of growing up to 3 meters in length and weighing as much as 300 kilograms, were once found throughout the entire 4,900-kilometer Mekong River. However, their population has declined by 80% over recent decades due to overfishing, habitat fragmentation, and dams that obstruct migratory pathways. The captured fish were located near Phnom Penh and Tonle Sap Lake, areas critical to the species’ migratory journey to northern spawning grounds in Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand. Experts have stated that this development highlights the importance of safeguarding the Mekong River’s ecosystem, which sustains millions of livelihoods and generates $10 billion annually from fisheries.

Research initiatives, led by the Wonders of the Mekong project and Cambodia’s Fisheries Administration, have employed tagging and data collection to better understand the catfish’s behavior and habitat. Since the project began, approximately 100 fish have been tagged, enabling the identification of migration corridors and habitat preservation strategies. Local communities have also played an integral role by reporting accidental catches, which allows for the tagging and release of endangered specimens. Conservationists have emphasized the urgency of protecting this species and other aquatic megafauna, including the salmon carp and giant stingray, to ensure ecological balance. Experts have remarked that recent discoveries provide an opportunity to amplify regional and global attention on the conservation of the Mekong River, a vital yet increasingly vulnerable resource.